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Excel has supported the complex number system for years. Engineers use it to solve problems related to electronics, fluid dynamics, and signal processing. The way Excel's formula engine implements complex numbers is an example of functional programming, a paradigm that Microsoft has...Read more
Most people never receive proper Excel training and spend years frustrated by the simplest tasks, especially tasks that involve formulas. To use Excel with confidence, you must have a good understanding of formulas and functions. This article introduces the basic concepts you need to know...Read more
Dynamic Array Formulas are one of the biggest changes to Excel ever. They completely change the way you solve hard problems in Excel, with excellent new functions and an upgraded formula engine that can return multiple results at the same time. With Dynamic Arrays, you can extract...Read more
In this example, the goal is to retrieve the top 3 scores in column D that appear in a given group, entered as a variable in cell F5. If the group is changed, the formulas should calculate new results. The core of the solution is the LARGE function, which can be used to retrieve the "nth"...Read more
The Excel RANDARRAY function generates an array of random numbers between two values. The size or the array is specified by rows and columns arguments. The generated values can be either decimals or whole numbers.Read more
In this example, the goal is to determine the position of the nth occurrence of a specific character (delimiter) in the text strings in column B. This article explains two approaches:
In this example, the goal is to retrieve the lowest 3 scores in column D that appear in a given group, entered as a variable in cell F5. If the group is changed, the formulas should calculate new results. The core of the solution is the SMALL function, which can be used to retrieve the "nth...Read more
In this example, the goal is to get the maximum value for each group in the data as shown. The easiest way to solve this problem is with the MAXIFS function. However, there are actually several options. If you need more flexibility (i.e. you need to work with arrays and not ranges), you can...Read more
Note: FILTER is a new dynamic array function in Excel 365. In other versions of Excel, there are alternatives, but they are more complex...Read more
In this example, the goal is to split a text string at the underscore("_") character with a formula. Notice the location of the underscore is different in each row. This means the formula needs to locate the position of the underscore character first...Read more
In this example, the goal is to create automatic row numbers starting in cell B5 that match the data entered in column C. When new data is added to the list, the row numbers should increase as required. If items are deleted, the row numbers should respond accordingly. This has traditionally been...Read more
The Excel SORT function sorts the contents of a range or array in ascending or descending order. Values can be sorted by one or more columns. SORT returns a dynamic array of results.Read more
The Excel SEQUENCE function generates a list of sequential numbers in an array. The array can be one dimensional, or two-dimensional, determined by rows and columns arguments. ...Read more
The first ROW function generates an array of 7 numbers like this:
{5;6;7;8;9;10;11}The second ROW function generates an array with just one item like this:
{5}which is then...Read more
The EXPAND function expands an array by adding rows and columns, which are supplied as separate arguments. The numbers given for rows and columns represent the dimensions of the final array....Read more
The Excel EOMONTH function returns the last day of the month, n months in the past or future. You can use EOMONTH to calculate expiration dates, due dates, and other dates that need to land on the last day of a month. Use a positive value for months to move forward in time, and a negative number...Read more
The Excel TRANSPOSE function "flips" the orientation of a given range or array: TRANSPOSE flips a vertical range to a horizontal range, and flips a horizontal range to a vertical range.Read more
The Excel FILTER function is used to extract matching values from data based on one or more conditions. The output from FILTER is dynamic. If source data or criteria change, FILTER will return a new set of results. This makes FILTER a flexible way to isolate and inspect data without altering the...Read more
In this problem, the goal is to find the first (earliest) time in and the last (latest) time out for a given name. This is essentially a lookup problem and the solution shown in the worksheet is an example of how you can sometimes use minimum and maximum functions to perform lookups. This works...Read more
This article explains how to concatenate manually with the ampersand operator (&) and with the three Excel functions designed for concatenation: CONCATENATE, CONCAT, and TEXTJOIN.Read more
With the introduction of Dynamic Arrays in Excel, formulas that return multiple values "spill" these values directly onto the worksheet. The rectangle that...Read more
The goal is to return the full address of a range or named range as text. The purpose of this formula is informational, not functional. It provides a way to inspect the current range for a named range, an Excel Table, or even the result of a formula. The core...Read more
In the example shown, the goal is to calculate the maximum difference between the "High" values in column C and the "Low" values in column D. Because the difference between High and Low is not part of the data, the calculation must occur in the formula itself. This is a classic example of an...Read more
In this example, the goal is to get the maximum value for a given group below a specific temperature. In other words, we want the max value after applying multiple criteria. The easiest way to solve this problem is with the MAXIFS function. However, if you need more flexibility (i.e. you need to...Read more
In this example, the goal is to sum the largest n values in a set of data after applying specific criteria. In the worksheet shown, we want to sum the three largest values, so n is equal to 3. At a high level, this problem breaks down into three...Read more
In this example, the goal is to sum the smallest n values in a set of data after applying specific criteria. In the worksheet shown, we want to sum the three smallest values, so n is equal to 3. At a high level, this problem breaks down into three...Read more
In this example, the goal is to sum the amounts in column C by week, using the dates in the range E5:E10 which are all Mondays. All data is in an Excel Table named data in the range B5:C16. This problem can be solved in a straightforward way with the...Read more
In this example, the goal is to use a single formula to extract high-value projects and list them in a simple table. We also want to remove unnecessary columns to create a clean, uncluttered view. The solutions explained below are based on a combination of several functions in Excel, including...Read more