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Excel contains over 500 functions, with more functions added every year. That is a huge number, so where should you start? This guide provides a walkthrough of over 100 important functions in Excel with many examples and links. Click function names for details and more examples....Read more
This shortcut enters cell edit mode with the cursor at the end of the last line of text in the cell. If you want the cursor to move to the formula bar, see below.
Once you are editing a cell, you can use the F2 / Ctrl+U again to toggle through...Read more
The Excel REPT function repeats characters a given number of times. For example, =REPT("x",5) returns "xxxxx".Read more
The coefficient of variation measures the relative variability of data with respect to the mean. It represents a ratio of the standard deviation to the mean and can be a useful way to compare data series when means are different. It is sometimes called relative standard deviation (RSD).
...Read more
This example is set up in two parts for clarity: (1) a formula to determine the top 3 amounts for each month and (2) a formula to retrieve the client name for each of the top 3 monthly amounts.
Note there is no actual rank in the source data. Instead, we are using the LARGE function to...Read more
Dates in Excel are just serial numbers, formatted to display as dates. This means you can perform math operations on dates to calculate days in the future or past.
In the example shown, the date in the named range "start" is provided by the TODAY...Read more
The Excel WORKDAY.INTL function returns a date in the future or past that is a given number of working days from a specified start date, excluding weekends and (optionally) holidays. Unlike the simpler WORKDAY function, WORKDAY.INTL can be...Read more
In this example, the goal is to create a due date based on category, where each category has a different number of days allocated to complete a given task, issue, project, etc. The amount of time available to resolve each category is shown in column H, and categories is the...Read more
In this example, the goal is to join different parts of a name (first, middle, last) into a full name. This is an example of concatenation. To concatenate means to join one text value to another with a formula, or in a more general programming language...Read more
The Excel MOD function returns the remainder of two numbers after division. For example, MOD(10,3) = 1. The result of MOD carries the same sign as the divisor.Read more
The Excel WEEKDAY function takes a date and returns a number between 1-7 representing the day of week. By default, WEEKDAY returns 1 for Sunday and 7 for Saturday, but this is configurable. You can use the WEEKDAY function inside other formulas to check the day of week.Read more
In this example, the goal is to split the names in column B into three separate parts (First, Middle, and Last) with a single formula. In cases where there is no middle name, the Middle column should be blank. In cases where there are two middle names, the Middle column should contain both names...Read more
The Excel SEARCH function returns the location of one text string inside another. SEARCH returns the position of find_text inside within_text as a number. SEARCH supports wildcards, and is not case-sensitive....Read more
This formula relies on a helper column, which is column E in the example shown. The formula in E5, copied down, is:
=(COUNTIFS($B$5:B5,B5)=1)+0
This formula returns a 1 for new customers and a 0 for repeat customers, and is...Read more
In this example, the goal is to count the number of cells in column D that contain dates that are between two variable dates in G4 and G5. This problem can be solved with the COUNTIFS function or the SUMPRODUCT function, as explained below. For convenience, the worksheet contains two...Read more
The Excel COUNTIF function returns the count of cells in a range that meet a single condition. The generic syntax is COUNTIF(range, criteria), where "range" contains the cells to count, and "criteria" is a condition that must be true for a cell to be counted. COUNTIF can be used to count...Read more
The Excel COUNTIFS function returns the count of cells in a range that meet one or more conditions. Each condition is provided with a separate range and criteria, and all conditions must be TRUE for a cell to be included in the count. COUNTIF can be used to count cells...Read more
In May 2025, I ran a survey asking Exceljet newsletter subscribers what version of Excel they use most. This is an important question for Excel learning because the new dynamic array engine has completely changed how many formulas are written. These changes started rolling out after Excel...Read more
The Excel SUMIFS function returns the sum of cells that meet multiple conditions, referred to as criteria. To define criteria, SUMIFS supports logical operators (>,<,<>,=) and wildcards (*,?,~), and can be used with cells that contain dates, numbers, and text.Read more
Nearly 50 new functions have been added to Excel! This is not your Dad's Excel anymore – a lot has changed. This article takes a quick tour of the new functions, with links to more detailed information....Read more