Toggle absolute and relative references
Windows shortcut
F4
Mac shortcut
⌘T
While editing a formula, this shortcut toggles cell references from relative to absolute, to partially absolute, back to relative again:
A1 --> $A$1 --> A$1-- > $A1-- > A1
It's much faster and easier than typing $ characters manually.
To convert an existing formula, enter cell edit mode, place the cursor in or next to the reference you'd like to convert, then use the shortcut.
Note: in Excel 2016 for the Mac, you can also use fn + F4.
Related videos
The videos below demonstrate this shortcut.
In this video, we'll look at how to create a dynamic named range using the OFFSET function, the most common way to create dynamic names range with a formula.
This video shows how to stop Excel from changing cell references when you want an exact copy of a formula in a different cell.
Sometimes you want to reference a worksheet dynamically in a formula, so that it can be changed on the fly. In this video, we'll look at how to create a dynamic reference to a worksheet in a formula.
In this video, we'll take a look at how to use the COUNTIF function to solve a common problem: how to find values in one list that appear in another list.
In this video, we'll look at how to create a dynamic named range with the INDEX function. INDEX is a non-volatile function, so it won't recalculate whenever a change is made to a worksheet.
