Explanation
The core of this formula is the MID function, which extracts the text in a URL starting with the character after "//", and ending with the character before the trailing slash ("/"):
=MID(url,start,chars)
The url comes straight from B5.
The start is calculated using the FIND function like this:
FIND("//",B5)+2
FIND returns the position of the double slash ("//") in the URL as a number, so we add 2 in order to start extracting at the next character.
Chars represents the number of characters to extract. We calculate this using the following expression:
LEN(B5)-FIND("//",B5)-1-(RIGHT(B5)="/")
The LEN function calculates the length of the original URL, from which we subtract the position of "//" minus 1. we also use a bit of Boolean logic to conditionally subtract 1 more character:
(RIGHT(B5)="/")
Here the RIGHT function extracts the last character which is compared to "/". A result of TRUE is evaluated as 1, while a result of FALSE is evaluated as 0.
The Boolean logic is used to avoid additional conditional logic.