How to use the Excel IRR function

Summary

The Excel IRR function is a financial function that returns the internal rate of return (IRR) for a series of cash flows that occur at regular intervals.

Purpose

Calculate internal rate of return

Return value

Calculated return as percentage

Syntax

=IRR (values, [guess])

Arguments

values - Array or reference to cells that contain values.
guess - [optional] An estimate for expected IRR. Default is .1 (10%).

Usage notes

The internal rate of return (IRR) is the interest rate received for an investment with payments and income occurring at regular intervals (i.e. monthly, annual). Payments are expressed as negative values and income as positive values. Amounts can vary, but intervals need to be the same. The first value is negative, since it represents an outflow.

Excel uses iteration to arrive at a result, starting with the guess (if provided) or with .1 (10%) if not. If an accurate IRR can't be calculated after a fixed number of iterations, the #NUM error is returned. A better guess will prevent this error.

Notes

The values array must contain at least one positive value and one negative value.
Values should be in chronological order.
If IRR returns the #NUM! or an unexpected result, adjust guess.

Related functions

Excel PV Function

The Excel PV function is a financial function that returns the present value of an investment. You can use the PV function to get the value in today's dollars of a series of future payments, assuming periodic, constant payments and a constant...

Excel NPV Function

The Excel NPV function is a financial function that calculates the net present value (NPV) of an investment using a discount rate and a series of future cash flows.

Excel Formula Training

Formulas are the key to getting things done in Excel. In this accelerated training, you'll learn how to use formulas to manipulate text, work with dates and times, lookup values with VLOOKUP and INDEX & MATCH, count and sum with criteria, dynamically rank values, and create dynamic ranges. You'll also learn how to troubleshoot, trace errors, and fix problems. Instant access. See details here.