Excel ROMAN Function

The ROMAN function converts a number to a Roman numeral. For example:

=ROMAN(4) // returns "IV"
=ROMAN(9) // returns "IX"
=ROMAN(99) // returns "XCIX"
=ROMAN(100) // returns "C"

ROMAN takes two arguments: number and form. Number should be a whole number between 1 and 3999. The form argument controls the convention used for Roman numbers. The argument is optional and the default is zero (0), which results in classic non-abbreviated Roman numbers. Other possible values are 1-4, which specify progressively more concise output. For example:

=ROMAN(1999,0) // returns "MCMXCIX"
=ROMAN(1999,2) // returns "MXMIX"
=ROMAN(1999,4) // returns "MIM"

See more form samples below.

Roman numbers

The table below lists available Roman numbers with their equivalent Arabic number value.

The ROMAN function converts Arabic numbers to Roman numbers. Use the ARABIC function to convert Roman numbers to Arabic numbers.

Abbreviated syntax

The ROMAN function can output Roman numbers in a more abbreviated syntax, controlled with the form argument. The screen below shows how different values for form affect output.

Notes

• Number should be a positive number between 1 and 3999.
• Number should be a whole number; decimal values are ignored.
• If number is negative or out of range, ROMAN returns #VALUE!
• The ROMAN function performs the opposite conversion as the ARABIC function.
• The form argument controls Roman numeral abbreviation. Valid inputs are 0-4.